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Hippeastrum (lat.Hippeastrum) is a bulbous representative of the genus Liliaceae and the Amaryllis family. The homeland of the hippeastrum is the subtropical and tropical strip of South America. The area of its growth is the Amazon basin, plateaus, mountain slopes and alpine meadows.
The plant came to Europe with seafarers in the 16th century, and Johnson's hippeastrum, bred at the end of the 18th century, became the first hybrid.
Hippeastrum is famous for its luxurious large and bright flowers, which, depending on the species, reach 15-25 cm and are located on a foot 35-90 cm high. Because of this, its name in translation from Greek sounds like “star rider”.
Outwardly, it is similar to amaryllis, which is a monospecies called "Belladonna" and has only white flowers with a pleasant aroma.
There are more than 80 varieties in total. They differ in the color of the buds and the color of the belt-like leaves from bright green to deep green with a crimson tint. Their length can reach 50-70 cm.
Hippeastrum - popular varieties:
Amoris (Amorice) - differs in flowers with a diameter of 18-19 cm in white with red and bright pink stripes. All petals are wavy and bent back and to the sides.
Lady Jane - his charm in terry flowers up to 20 cm in peach color with pink veins.
Hippeastrum Leopold - is considered the ancestor of all hybrids. It has a pink color with a white edging and stripes, which smoothly turns green towards the middle of the flower.
Regina or Royal Hippeastrum is one of the classic species with rich red flowers. Its peculiarity is that the leaves appear after flowering.
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With proper care, hippeastrum can delight with its beauty for more than 10 years and does not require any special conditions.
Bloom. The "star rider" blooms once or twice a year. This happens more often in winter and summer, which is why it is called the "Christmas star". It can also bloom at any time of the year, depending on the date of planting the bulb.
At the top of the peduncle is an umbrella inflorescence with 3-9 buds. The flower itself is a corolla-shaped perianth of 6 petals arranged in two circles. In the middle there are 6 stamens on long and thin filaments of various lengths with large swinging anthers.
Lighting. It is a light-loving plant that is ideally suited to the southwest or southeast side. The main thing is to protect the hippeastrum from direct midday sun rays, which can lead to burns, on the leaves. In summer, it is good to plant it in open ground, in slightly shaded places. For example, under the crowns of trees or other tall plants.
Temperature. The ideal temperature for this tropical exotic is 18-25 degrees. For the dormant period, it drops to 10-13 degrees. In apartments, this can be a place on the floor under the bathroom or on a window sill, shielded by a curtain from the radiator.
Watering and humidity. Despite its origin, hippeastrum is not demanding on air humidity and does not like frequent spraying, so you should not arrange tropics at home.
Watering should be moderate to avoid rotting roots and bulbs. It is best not to let the liquid come into direct contact with the onion and immerse the pot for a while in a deep pan filled with water.
From the second half of August, its number gradually decreases and by the end of September it completely stops. If the resting phase takes place in a cool place, the plant is not watered at all for a month and a half. When stored at room temperature, it is sufficient to occasionally moisten the soil.
Fertilizer. If after awakening the flower has not been transplanted, it should be fed with a ready-made complex for flowering plants or chicken droppings (1:40) when the peduncle reaches a height of about 15 cm.
Transplantation of adult plants is carried out annually. This is done in August before the start of hibernation. Or before the growth resumed in early December. To do this, use a moderately high and narrow capacity. The diameter of the pot should not exceed the size of the tuber by more than 3 cm.
Without fail, the bottom of the container is covered with expanded clay or other drainage. The soil consists of a mixture of sod land, humus, peat and river sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1. The roots are washed with running water to remove old soil, and dead and damaged rhizomes are cut off. The planting itself is carried out in such a way that a third of the bulb is above the soil surface.
No trimming or shaping required.
Landing in open ground. Hippeastrum is planted in a front garden or flower bed in late spring or early summer. With the onset of cold weather, transplant into a pot with soil and put in a dark place, and in the first half of December, bring it into the room, stimulating the exit from the sleep phase.
The dormant period begins in October and lasts until December. Such rest stimulates the appearance of flower stalks, regardless of the conditions of detention: indoors or outdoors. Hippeastrum is transferred for 1-1.5 months in a dark and cool room and completely stop watering. If you create a premature dormant period, you can achieve flowering at the right time.
There are two types of dormancy that necessarily occur in the hippeastrum, regardless of the variety:
To wake up, the plant returns to a warm room and watering resumes. To stimulate the growth of the peduncle, it is recommended to place the bulb for 1-1.5 hours in water with a temperature of about 35-45 degrees, especially if the transplantation precedes the awakening.
Storage of bulbs. The tubers can be stored in sawdust or newspaper in a cool, dark place until spring. The optimum temperature is 12-14 degrees. In this case, the roots are cut off and the children are separated. Leaves can be left to feed the bulbs. Once every two weeks, the tubers are revised with the removal of yellowed and dried leaves.
Reproduction of the hippeastrum. There are three ways that you can easily do it at home:
Children. The formed bulb is separated from the mother part and planted in a separate container to a depth of 3-4 cm.
Seeds. Before sowing, soak for 10 days in a damp cloth. After pecking, they are planted in the soil to a depth of 2 cm and covered with glass or film. After the appearance of two true leaves, the seedlings are cropped and planted in separate pots.
By dividing the bulb. It is cut into 4-6 parts, each of which has a part of the bottom and roots. Sections are processed with crushed coal and dried.
Diseases and pests. Infectious stagonosporosis is dangerous and destructive. It is also "red onion rot" or "red burn". It appears on the leaves as long spots of the corresponding color or large spots on the bulb. To combat it, all affected parts are removed. Sections on tubers are treated with crushed ash, dried and transplanted into new soil, pre-treated with fungicide. A softened and heavily affected tuber cannot be restored.
A spider mite, scale insect or mealy worm can start between the scales. And improper watering leads to infection with anthracnose and fusarium.
Interesting Facts:
The first breeder of hippeastrum was the English watchmaker Johnson.
In the bud phase, the cut flower can stand in the vase for up to 12 days.
The bulb of this plant lives up to 20 years.
In Brazil, an epiphyte variety has been developed that grows on a tree and puts down aerial roots.
PHOTO HIPPEASTRUM
