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Cyclamen (lat. Cýclamen) is a herbaceous perennial from the subfamily Marisse, belonging to the Primroses family. The homeland of the plant is considered to be the Mediterranean countries, as well as regions of northeastern Africa. The name comes from "kuklos". It is a Greek word meaning circle.
Cyclamen is characterized by a thick underground tuber, a short stem and leaves that sprout at the very base and are most often heart-shaped. The flowers are single, located on pedicels, several tens of centimeters long. The plant is remarkable for its magnificent decorativeness, so it can often be found on the windows of houses and apartments. In room conditions, cyclamen feels great.
Other names for Cyclamen: Europeans call cyclamen “alpine violet”, Greeks prefer “sleeping sun”, Georgians call it “dryakva-grass”. In the people you can find such names as "girl's ear" and "earthy apple".
Cyclamen are popular varieties: the world knows 20 types of cyclamen, each of which is beautiful in its own way, but the most popular and least whimsical to care for are two - Persian and European.
Cyclamen Persian (Latin Cyclamen persicum) - is distinguished by a spherical root, the diameter of which can reach 15 cm, and large heart-shaped dark green leaves with a barely noticeable silvery edging. The color of the flowers can be different, starting with pink and purple tones, and ending with white. Flowering occurs from late autumn to early spring.
Cyclamen European (lat. Cyclamen europaeum) - it is also called "purple". The root is often irregular and one and a half times smaller than that of the Persian cyclamen. The leaves are small - only 3-4 centimeters in diameter. Flowering is long, begins in late spring and ends in autumn.
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Useful properties of Cyclamen: plant tubers are actively used in medicine, as they have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The juice extracted from the leaves is used to treat sinusitis and prevent infections of the upper respiratory tract.
At the same time, cyclamen is a poisonous plant, since its root contains a toxic alkaloid, so it is not recommended to prepare medicines from it at home.
The beauty of cyclamen is not admired only by those who do not have this beautiful plant at home. You can hear reviews that cyclamen is capricious in care and picky about living conditions, but in fact, its few requirements are easily satisfied.
Lighting. Cyclamen loves the sun, but hates direct sunlight, so partial shade is ideal. For the location, it is better to choose western or eastern windows, since too much aggressive ultraviolet radiation comes from the south side, and it is often not enough from the north.
Temperature. Most preferred is a moderate air temperature of about 18-20 degrees Celsius. For example, in the case of the Persian cyclamen, if it gets higher, the plant thinks that a hot season is coming and takes this as a sign that it is necessary to prepare for rest.
Air humidity. Cyclamen does not feel well in a room with stale, heavy air. He does not tolerate tobacco smoke, gas fumes, suffocation, therefore, in the kitchen, where all kinds of fumes are constantly going on, he will not take root. The plant needs a frequently ventilated room. Cyclamen does not need additional spraying with water, except occasionally and only until the buds appear.
Watering. During the active flowering period, moderate watering is used. Sometimes abundant - according to the situation. The soil should not be waterlogged or dry. Standing water is used, the temperature of which is several degrees below room temperature. It is very important not to soak the buds and tuber, therefore it is better to pour water on the edge of the pot or from the pallet. If after one and a half to two hours there is still water on the pallet, it must be drained so as not to provoke rotting of the root system.
Top dressing. When the green mass of the plant is in the active phase of growth, regular fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is made - once every two weeks. With the beginning of flowering, feeding stops.
Transfer. A wide dish with drainage and fresh loose soil is needed. When transplanting, you should be careful with the roots. If there are damaged areas, you need to remove them. Rotten roots must be cut out. An important point - the tuber cannot be completely covered with soil. At least one third of it must remain open. This has a beneficial effect on the flowering intensity.
Trimming and shaping. Cyclamen does not need pruning as such. Only during and after flowering, yellowed leaves are carefully removed. Even completely wilted flower stalks are not cut off, but carefully twisted at the very base.
Bloom. Cyclamen pleases with long and abundant flowering. Bright, eye-catching flowers visually resemble a flock of cute butterflies that swirl over green leaves. The petals are oval, slightly curved and curved. At home, the average cyclamen is able to bloom for 15 years in a row, each time forming up to 70 flowers. After flowering, a fruit-box is formed, in which the seeds are located.
Reproduction. Not only seeds are used, but also tuberous processes. Each of these methods is effective, but the second is less popular at home, since it can be traumatic for the plant. With seed reproduction, the most difficult thing is to wait for germination, which can occur a year after sowing and even later. You can sow planting material immediately after opening the fruit-box. Interestingly, the new plant may not look like the parent plant.
Diseases and pests. The most common cyclamen ailment is gray rot, resulting from over-watering or keeping a flower in a stuffy room. It appears as a gray coating on the leaves. Among the pests, the most dangerous are ticks, which are activated in the warm season. There are even specific cyclamen mites. Aphids can be annoying enough.
Cyclamen in winter. Most often, active flowering occurs in winter, so the dormant period falls in the summer. The exception is the most "northern" of the cyclamen - European. It blooms in summer and rests in winter. At the same time, the leaves remain green all year round. Watering in winter is moderate, and the room temperature should be low - up to 15 degrees Celsius. The pots can be placed between window frames.
Interesting Facts:
The plant has been used in folk medicine since the time of Hippocrates.
The ancient Romans used cyclamen juice as a cure for various diseases, including snake bites.
At the end of the 16th century, European obstetricians placed cyclamen near the woman in labor. They believed that its scent could induce and accelerate labor.
For many peoples, cyclamen is considered a symbol of care. It is customary to give it to a person when he moves to a new place of work, moves or retires.
PHOTO CYCLAMEN
