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Cherry plum (lat.Prunus cerasifera) is a branched, low, fruit tree. Belongs to the Pink family, from the plum genus. Homeland - the North Caucasus, also grows in large numbers in Asian countries, and is common in Western Europe.
A multi-stemmed tree or shrub with a strong root system, grows in height from 1.5 to 8-10 meters. The shoots of the plant are thin, brown in color, the leaves are small, pointed at the top. At the beginning of May, single white or pink flowers appear. They are replaced by round-shaped fruits of yellow, red, sometimes purple color. The fruits are juicy, sweet and sour.
Cherry plum has a rather long lifespan - about 50 years or more.
Cherry plum for growing in Ukraine - popular varieties:
Early varieties: fruit ripening at the end of July - first half of August:
Medium varieties: fruit ripening in August:
Mid-late varieties: ripening of fruits in late August or early September:
Selection and purchase of seedlings. It is recommended to choose seedlings with a well-developed root system. It is more profitable to buy fruit seedlings with a closed root system, they can be planted at any time of the year, unlike bushes with an open root system, which are planted only in spring / autumn, immediately after purchase.
Location and landing. For the tree to develop and bear fruit well, set aside a sunny spot for it in your garden. Cherry plum does not like the cold wind; the best option for growing it would be the southern side of the site, not far from the house or fence, so that there is protection from drafts. The yield and sweet taste of fruits are directly affected by sunlight, the more of it, the tastier and juicier the fruits.
A spacious 60x60x60cm planting pit is prepared, the pit is filled to 2/3 with breathable soil with the addition of 12-15 kg of humus and 1 kg of Nitrofoska. The soil mixture is formed in the form of a small mound, over which the roots of the seedling are neatly distributed. Next, the remaining soil is poured, tamping a little, so that the root collar is at the level of the soil. After that, a small hole is made around the young plant, 1-2 buckets of water are poured into it. The trunk circle is mulched with peat or sawdust.
The yield and winter hardiness of cherry plum is very dependent on proper care. The main thing is to regularly carry out sanitary pruning, remove root shoots, apply fertilizers, and prevent pests and diseases.
Watering. It tolerates drought well, but still needs watering. In the case of a hot summer with low rainfall, you need to water it three times per season: at the end of flowering, at the end of shoot growth and after the acquisition of fruits of the proper color. Watering is also carried out in the fall, in October and after a winter with little snow in May. One tree consumes 1-2 buckets of water per watering.
Top dressing. In the spring, on the eve of flowering, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, at the beginning of summer potash and phosphorus fertilizers, fertilizing with organic fertilizers is carried out every 2 years in the fall. It is important not to overdo the fertilization frequency as this can cause vigorous shoot growth and reduce yields.
Trimming and shaping. Cherry plum does not need too much pruning, this provokes the growth of shoots, to the detriment of yield. It is enough to carry out sanitary pruning in the spring: removal of damaged and thickening branches. If the plant is grown in the form of a tree, then the first three years, it is necessary to form a longline crown, in the case of growing in the form of a bush, it is enough to thin out the crown and shorten the shoots.
Flowering and fruiting. Blooms in the first weeks of May with white or pinkish small flowers. Sweet and sour, oval-shaped fruits ripen in July-August. Begins to bear fruit in the third year after rooting.
Reproduction and grafting. Propagated by seeds, shoots, root or green cuttings and grafting. The most convenient and easiest way to reproduce is by undergrowth. To do this, at the beginning of spring, you should dig up the place where the offspring originated and disconnect from the mother root. After that, the place of the cut on the tree is processed with garden varnish, and the plant is planted in a permanent place.
For reproduction by vaccination you will need:
- stock - a plant to be grafted onto;
- scion - varietal cutting.
For cherry plum, the best stock is seedlings of local forms of cherry plum, peach, plum.
Vaccination is carried out in April-May or July-August, when there is active sap flow. For spring grafting, cuttings are harvested at the end of autumn, lignified shoots with a length of 30 cm are cut off, stuck in wet sand and stored in a cool room at a temperature of 0-2 ° C. In summer, cuttings are cut on the day of vaccination. Vaccination can be carried out in a variety of ways: by the kidney, in the butt, cuttings, improved copulation.
Diseases and pests. Diseases that cherry plum may encounter: perforated spot, moniliosis, coccomycosis, marsupial disease, parasite infestation: brown fruit mite, slimy sawfly, plum moth.
In the fight against most pests, treatment with Bordeaux mixture, fufanon or fitoverm helps. To get rid of fungal infections will help the drug - copper sulfate.
Prevention should be carried out so that less often you have to deal with the undesirable consequences of diseases. Timely fertilization, tillage around the tree, pruning, collection and burning of fallen leaves.
Cherry plum in winter. No special shelter required. It is enough to cover the trunk circle with a thick layer of peat. When the snow falls, the tree trunks should be covered with a high pile of snow.
The usefulness of cherry plum fruits: The fruits contain organic acids, pectin, minerals, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, vitamins: groups B, A, PP, E, C. Used for the treatment of vitamin deficiencies, prevention of arrhythmias, stomach diseases, is beneficially reflected on the state of the nervous system. Also, cherry plum fruits, due to the high content of pectins and fiber, help to cleanse the body of radionuclides.
PHOTO Cherry plum
