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Sweet cherry (lat. Prunus avium) - comes from the Pink family, this is the most ancient form of cherry. It grows up to 15-20 meters in height. Widely distributed in Western Asia, Switzerland, North Africa.
A long-lived tree, capable of bearing fruit for a hundred years, is distinguished by its rapid growth.
The crown of a plant is most often ovoid, but it can also be pyramidal, it depends on the conditions of detention. The bark of the tree is brown with a red tint, shoots are of two types: shortened and long. Leaf shape - oval, elongated, pointed. In March-April, fragrant flowers appear, white in color. They are replaced by fruits - round berries, with fleshy, juicy pulp, sweet in taste. Inside the fruit is a stone: smooth, oval, contains seeds. The color of the berries is dark red, sometimes black, there are also varieties with light yellow fruits.
For successful pollination, make sure there are several varieties of cherry trees growing nearby.
Sweet cherries for growing in Ukraine - popular varieties:
Early varieties: ripening time: late May - early June.
Medium varieties: ripening time - end of June.
Mid-late varieties: ripen in July.
You can buy cherries and other fruit and berry trees in the Fruit trees section.
Selection and purchase of seedlings. To buy a healthy varietal seedling, you should not take it on the market; for this it is better to contact a specialized store, where they will help you not to make a mistake in choosing. The seedling must have at least two branches of the shoots, the root system is intact, not overdried.
Location and landing. Cherries need to be protected from the wind and provide them with enough light, this can be a southern or southeastern slope. The soil needs nutritious, moisture-permeable: loamy or sandy loam.
Planting is carried out in early spring, before the onset of bud swelling, or in the fall, before the onset of frost. To do this, a hole is dug with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 80 cm, two buckets of prepared soil are poured onto the bottom with the addition of 10 kg of humus. It is better to prepare the pit two weeks before planting so that the soil has time to settle.
Place a stake in the center of the pit so that it rises 0.5 m above the surface.
It is important to immerse the seedling in water a day before planting. Before planting, build a small mound in the center of the hole and, carefully spreading the roots, set the plant. The root collar remains on the surface. Next, you need to tie the seedling to the support and tamp the earth around it. Then create a hole around the trunk and pour 1.5-2 buckets of water. Then cover the trunk circle with peat.
Cherry cultivation will bring joy and pleasure if you provide it with proper care: feed it in a timely manner, carry out sanitary pruning, and carry out pest prevention.
Watering. Regular watering is the key to a good cherry harvest. Watering begins after flowering, continues when the fruits ripen in June, July every two weeks, you need to pour out enough water to soak the soil to a depth of about 40 cm.Higher watering in October, before the start of frost, about 100 liters is poured under an adult tree water, this will deeply moisten the soil and protect the tree roots from freezing in winter.
In the case of a dry summer, watered once every 7-10 days. Do not water during the flowering period, this can lead to dropping of the ovary. If the soil of the trunk circle is cracked during the ripening period, then refrain from watering, this can provoke cracks in the berries.
Top dressing. To stimulate active growth and abundant fruiting, due attention must be paid to feeding. In the first days of May, plants over 4 years old need mineral fertilizers. After harvesting, fertilizing is carried out with potash and phosphorus fertilizers, and in the fall - organic.
Trimming and shaping. In order to rejuvenate the tree, remove thickening, improperly growing, as well as damaged branches, sanitary pruning is recommended annually in the spring.
Formative pruning is carried out for young seedlings when they reach a height of about 80 cm. A guide is left, which is 20 cm higher than the rest of the branches and 6-7 skeletal branches located at a distance of 15-18 cm from each other.
Five years after planting, pruning consists of maintaining the desired tree height and branch length.
Flowering and fruiting. It blooms with small white flowers exuding a pleasant aroma. Fruits are red, yellow or black berries with a stone inside. The taste is sweet, some varieties are distinguished by a light, refreshing acidity.
Reproduction and grafting. The main methods of reproduction: seed and grafted seedlings.
It is more convenient and less problematic to propagate cherries by grafting. For this, two-year-old seedlings or root shoots of ordinary cherries are used as a stock. Cuttings for grafting are suitable short with two buds, it is important - they must be of the same diameter with the stock at the cut.
Diseases and pests. It can be subject to the same diseases or pest attacks as cherry: coccomycosis, moniliosis, gummosis (gum flow), perforated spot, black cherry aphid, leaf rollers. To protect the plant from the unpleasant consequences of the disease, they are treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid after flowering and again two weeks after harvest.
Due to improper care, cherries can get gommosis. For preventive purposes, whitewash the lower part of the trunk three times a year: in summer, before wintering and in early spring. If the disease nevertheless happened, cut off the formed growth to healthy wood, treat the cut site with a 1% solution of copper sulphate, after 15 minutes repeat the procedure. Let it dry and treat the area with a garden pitch.
In addition, the plant often suffers from bird plaque. To protect the fruit from being eaten by birds, it is recommended to install a covering net around the tree.
Sweet cherry in winter. Sweet cherry is quite winter-hardy, but young seedlings still need to be wrapped up for the winter with covering material, burlap is perfect. For adult trees, for a comfortable winter, it is enough to cover the trunk circle with peat and whitewash the trunks.
The usefulness of sweet cherry fruits. Berries can be eaten raw and made into delicious compotes, jams and juices, and baked pies. In addition to an exquisite, pronounced juicy, sweet delicacy, sweet cherry berries have healing properties. The fruits contain pectins, malic acid, vitamins of the group: C, A, B and such important minerals for the body: potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iodine, silicon, copper, zinc.
Cherry fruits have a beneficial effect on the nervous and cardiovascular system, as well as increase immunity, normalize the activity of the kidneys, liver and intestines.
PHOTO CHERRY
