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Viburnum (lat. Viburnum) is a perennial deciduous shrub, known for its decorative qualities and medicinal properties. The plant's homeland is the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, where viburnum is found in forests, forest edges and bushes.
This shrub can reach a height of 1.5–4 meters. A special feature of viburnum is its beautiful white or pink inflorescences, which appear in late spring or early summer and attract many pollinators. The fruits of viburnum are red berries that have not only decorative value, but are also widely used in folk medicine. Viburnum leaves are green in summer and become brightly colored in autumn.
Types of viburnum:
- Viburnum opulus is the most common species, valued for its large spherical inflorescences and bright red fruits.
- Viburnum lantana (Viburnum lantana) – distinguished by smaller inflorescences and fruits, the leaves are covered with soft fluff.
- Viburnum davidii is an evergreen species with glossy leaves and blue-black fruits.
- American viburnum (Viburnum trilobum) – similar to ordinary viburnum, but has sweeter fruits and is less susceptible to disease.
Shrubs for cultivation in Ukraine – popular varieties:
- Viburnum opulus 'Roseum' – stands out for its impressive spherical inflorescences that completely cover the bush in late spring or early summer, creating the effect of a snow-white cloud. The berries do not form, which makes this variety ideal for gardens where exclusively decorative qualities of plants are preferred without subsequent fruit drop. 'Roseum' is excellent for single plantings and also as a focal element in mixed borders. Caring for the variety is easy; it requires only moderate watering and regular pruning to maintain a neat shape.
- Viburnum trilobum 'Compactum' is a dwarf variety with a compact and dense bush, which is abundantly strewn with bright red berries in late summer and autumn. The height of the plant usually does not exceed 1.5 meters, making it an ideal choice for small gardens or for growing in containers. The leaves of the 'Compactum' variety are highly decorative due to their three-lobed shape and bright autumn color. This variety prefers sunny or semi-shade locations with well-drained soil.
- Viburnum 'Aureum' (Viburnum opulus 'Aureum') – stands out remarkably for its golden leaves, which are a real decoration of the garden from spring to autumn. The flowers of this variety are white, collected in large umbrella inflorescences, effectively contrasting with the bright foliage. 'Aureum' prefers fertile, moist soils, but in general is a fairly unpretentious and disease-resistant variety. The bush reaches a height of about 2-3 meters, ideal for creating bright accents in landscape design.
- Viburnum lantana (Viburnum lantana) – is distinguished by its resistance to drought conditions and its ability to grow well in various types of soil. The leaves are large, gray-green, covered with soft down on the underside, which gives them a unique appearance. The inflorescences consist of small white flowers collected in large corymbs that appear in late spring and early summer. The fruits are black berries covered with a bluish coating, ripen towards the end of summer and are attractive food for birds.
- Viburnum opulus 'Boule de Neige' (Viburnum opulus 'Boule de Neige') - also known as the "Snow Globe" for its dense spherical inflorescences of pure white color, which form on the bush in May-June. The variety is characterized by strong growth and can reach up to 3 meters in height, forming a wide and spreading crown. The leaves are large, dark green in summer, turning a beautiful purple color in autumn, making the plant decorative throughout the season. 'Buldenezh' is perfect for group and single plantings, creating picturesque compositions in the garden.
Selection and purchase of seedlings. When choosing viburnum seedlings in containers, you should pay attention to the quality and appearance of the plant: healthy leaves without signs of diseases and pests, a strong root system. Seedlings in containers are easier to transplant and take root faster in a new location, which greatly simplifies the growing process.
Use of shrubs: Viburnum is used to create hedges, borders, decorate rocky gardens, rock gardens and ridges. Viburnum also finds its place in a container garden or when decorating alleys due to its decorativeness and unpretentiousness. Viburnum combines with various types of shrubs, ground cover plants and conifers, creating harmonious compositions. Evergreen species of viburnum look great against the background of a lawn like tapeworms. Beautifully flowering and fruiting varieties add brightness and originality to any garden corner.
Location and boarding: When choosing a place to plant viburnum, preference should be given to well-lit places or light partial shade, where the plant can reveal its decorative potential. Viburnum is not picky about soil, but grows best in moderately moist, fertile soils. The planting hole is prepared based on the size of the seedling's root system, adding compost or humus to it to improve the nutritional value of the soil. After planting, the plant is watered and the trunk circle is mulched to maintain moisture.
Water: Moderate watering of viburnum is critical to maintaining its health and decorativeness, especially during dry periods of summer. It is important to ensure that young plants are regularly watered to keep the soil moist but not soggy. Mature bushes are more resistant to temporary lack of moisture, but are also grateful for additional watering on hot days.
Loosening and mulching: After watering, it is recommended to carefully loosen the soil around the viburnum bush, which promotes better penetration of water and air to the roots. Mulching the tree trunk with organic materials such as compost or sawdust will help retain moisture, prevent weed growth and protect the root system from temperature changes.
Feeding: In spring, it is useful to feed viburnum with nitrogen-containing fertilizers to stimulate the growth of new shoots. During the period of budding and flowering, it is recommended to apply complex fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus and potassium, which promote abundant flowering and proper formation of fruits. In the fall, feeding potassium and phosphorus will help the plant prepare for winter.
Pruning and shaping: Pruning viburnum is best done in early spring, before the sap begins to flow. This allows you to remove dried and damaged branches, as well as form a crown for better flowering and ventilation. Light pruning also helps to renew the bush and stimulate the appearance of new shoots.
Blossoming and fruiting: In spring, viburnum decorates the garden with its lush blossoms, and by autumn it delights with bright berries that can remain on the branches until the first winter frosts. Berries not only serve as food for birds, but also add decorative value to the garden during the cold season. Regular pruning and fertilizing promote more abundant flowering and fruiting.
Reproduction and grafting: For propagation of viburnum by vegetative methods, green cuttings cut in June-July or layerings bent to the ground in spring are most suitable. Grafting allows you to combine the qualities of different varieties of viburnum, for example, improve frost resistance or decorative characteristics, and is usually carried out in the spring before sap flow begins.
Diseases and pests: Despite the resistance of viburnum to diseases, it can be affected by some pests and diseases, for which the plant should be regularly treated with insecticides and fungicides.
Plants in winter: Most types of viburnum tolerate winter well, but it is advisable to cover young plants in the first years.
Interesting Facts: Viburnum not only brightens gardens with its bright red berries and white flowers, but also has medicinal properties. Viburnum berries are widely used in folk medicine to treat colds, strengthen the cardiovascular system and as a general tonic.
