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Lily (lat.Lílium) is a perennial bulbous plant of the Liliaceae family. The genus of these beautiful flowers has more than 110 species. Lilies are mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and North America.
The origin of the name of the flower is interesting - from the ancient Gaelic "li-li" is translated as "white-white" At the moment, more than 30 species of lilies are grown in culture, which have a wide variety of colors: white, red, orange, yellow and many others. Many species have a very pleasant aroma.
In the climatic conditions of Ukraine and Russia, the common white lily (Lilium candidum), bulbous lily (Lilium bulbiferum), tiger lily (Lilium tigrinum) and others are mainly grown.
Lilies are popular varieties. Inexperienced growers are advised to start with the most unpretentious varieties of lilies. These are considered Asian hybrids. They generally have large, large flowers, but no scent.
Purchase and selection of lily bulbs. When buying bulbs, you should pay attention to the following points:
Location and landing. Tall varieties of lilies, as a rule, are placed in the background or middle plan of flower beds, in groups of several pieces. It is advisable to place them so that other garden flowers cover half of the lily stem, which turns yellow after it blooms. Low-growing shrubs can also be used for camouflage purposes.
Low-growing varieties, with a stem length of up to 30 cm, are best placed in the foreground. These varieties of lilies can also be grown in containers. This is convenient in the sense that you can replace faded lilies with other later blooming or other garden plants.
When choosing a place for planting, it is important to consider that lilies cannot stand moisture stagnation. Therefore, it is necessary to choose areas with well-drained soils. You should also pay attention to the structure of the soil and, if necessary, improve it. The best for growing are: permeable, loose and nutritious soil, fertilized light loamy or sandy loam soils, cultivated garden soil.
Important. In order for the flowering to be lush and the flowers do not shrink, lilies need to be planted at least once every 4-5 years. During flowering, the bulbs are depleted, therefore, planting is carried out no earlier than 1-1.5 months after flowering. By this time, the bulbs should already be strong.
Usually, planting (transplanting) of lilies is carried out from late August to mid-September.
General rules for calculating the planting depth of bulbs:
Thus, depending on the soil and the variety of lilies, the planting depth ranges from 5 to 20 cm.
Planting distance depends on the size of the variety. Low-growing and medium-sized varieties are planted at a distance of 12-18 cm, tall ones - after 20-30 cm.
Important: after planting the lily, you need to water it thoroughly.
Features of planting oriental lily hybrids. Disembarkation time: August. Do not dry the bulbs before planting. Location: warm sunny areas. Planting depth: 15-18 cm, soil layer above the bulb - 2 diameters. Distance between plants: 20-25 cm.
Features of planting Asian lily hybrids. Location: elevated, sunny areas. Demanding soil - they do not tolerate lime, during planting it is necessary to add peat (acidify). Fallen needles are used for mulching.
Lilies - Care from spring to autumn
Watering. Lilies do not like stagnant water, so they prefer infrequent but plentiful watering. You need to water at the root, trying not to moisten the leaves.
Watering is relevant during the growing season, in dry and hot weather. And in the period after flowering, when the bulbs accumulate nutrients, the need for watering is greatest.
Loosening, mulching. It is not necessary to loosen the soil near the stems if it is mulched (sprinkled) with peat or humus soil. Otherwise, in the spring, after removing the shelter from heat-loving varieties (oriental hybrids), the soil must be loosened. You need to loosen very carefully, trying not to damage the supra-luminal roots and stem babies.
In the future, it is better to sprinkle the soil with mulch to reduce the likelihood of overheating and drying out of the roots.
Top dressing. Feeding lilies is recommended three times per season:
Wood ash serves not only as a top dressing, but also as protection against fungal diseases. However, it should be used with caution, because it lowers the acidity of the soil, and some varieties of lilies prefer acidic soil.
Trimming and shaping. Lilies do not need pruning. It is also not recommended to cut the stems (peduncles) after the lily has faded, so as not to prevent the bulb from accumulating strength.
In the fall, you can cut off dried stems at a height of at least 15 cm from the ground.
Blooming lilies. The main flowering time of lilies is from mid-June to September, depending on the variety. In order for the color to be larger, you must remember to plant 4-5 year old plants in time. During the budding period, it is important to provide more abundant watering and do not forget to feed the plants.
Reproduction of lilies. There are several ways to reproduce garden lilies, including:
Bulb propagation is the most common method. The root system of an adult, 4-5 year old plant forms a nest of bulbs, which can, and in some cases need to be transplanted. Asiatic lilies form a nest more slowly - after 5-6 years, Tubular, on the contrary, faster - 3-4 years after planting.
The digging is carried out a month and a half after flowering, so that the bulbs have time to gain strength. Before digging, the lily stems are cut at a height of 10 cm from the ground, removed from the roots and shaken off. Dead roots are cut, viable ones are cut to 15 cm in length.
The bulbs are carefully separated by hand and the scales are examined for brown spots. Such scales must be removed to avoid. Before planting, it is advisable to treat the separated bulbs with a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes.
Diseases and pests. In the process of development, the lily can get sick from improper care, from fungal diseases and insect pests.
The bulb can rot from excess moisture. Solution: limit watering, transplant to a drained area or high ground.
Overheating of roots in sunny areas. Solution: mulching with light sawdust, straw.
Damage to fungal diseases: fusarium basal rot or gray rot. Solution: when transplanting the bulbs, treat them with fungicides (suspension of foundationol), especially affected ones - destroy.
Insect attack: aphids, bulb mites, bulbous hoverflies. Solution: treat with appropriate drugs. From aphids - spray with Aktelik solution, from ticks and hoverflies, treat the bulbs with a fungicide solution.
Plants in winter. Before wintering, lilies must be insulated. When dry weather is established, the surface near the plants is covered with dry leaves, and spruce branches on top. It is good if the soil is covered with peat, this will give extra warmth.
Oriental hybrids are recommended to be additionally covered with a film or other waterproof material.
In the spring, after the snow melts, the entire shelter is removed to allow the soil to warm up, and the shoots could develop freely.
Interesting facts: Nepal is home to a giant lily (Lilium giganteum), which grows up to 3 meters in height, has fragrant flowers 18 cm long and a ball the size of a football.
White garden lily, in addition to beauty, has healing properties. In folk medicine, an alcoholic tincture of petals is used for cuts, abscesses, muscle pain, and also as a skin cleanser.
Types, varieties of lilies. More than 3500 hybrid varieties are grouped into 13 groups (7 main and 6 additional) in accordance with their biological characteristics and origin. The classification is given according to the International Register of Lilies (3rd edition, 1982, London).
The main groups of hybrids:
Asian hybrids (Asiatic Hybrids) - unpretentious in cultivation, winter hardy. Easily propagated by bulbous bulbs, which are formed on the stem in the leaf axils. Flowering time: late June - early August. The shape of the flowers is predominantly turbid, cupped or tubular, 10-20 cm in diameter, odorless.
American Hybrids - They prefer sunny places and abundant watering. Shelter is needed in winter. Flowering time: July. The shape of the flowers is turbid, of various colors, diameter 9-12 cm, weak aroma.
Oriental hybrids (Oriental Hybrids) - demanding on soil and light, low winter hardiness, winter with shelter. Flowering time: August - September. Flower shape: tubular, turban-shaped, cup-shaped, of various colors, up to 30 cm in diameter.
Long-flowered hybrids (Longiflorum Hybrids) are thermophilic, low-hardy plants, therefore they are mainly grown in pots. Flowering time: July - August. The flowers are tubular, mostly white, very fragrant.
Candidum hybrids (or Snow White) (Candidum Hybrids) - grow well in sunny areas, are quite whimsical in growing, are susceptible to fungal and viral diseases. Low-resistant, need shelter. Flowering time: mid June - mid July. The shape of the flowers is tubular or funnel-shaped, the color is different, the diameter is 10-12 cm, they have a pleasant aroma.
Martagon hybrids (or Curly) (Martagon Hybrids) - prefer partial shade, but can grow in the sun, winter-hardy, little susceptible to disease. Propagated by bulbous scales. The shape of the flowers is turbid, the color is varied, the diameter is 7-8 cm, the aroma is weak.
Tubular hybrids (Trumpet Hybrids) - grow well in an open, sunny place, are little susceptible to diseases, frost-hardy, but you need shelter for the winter. Flowering time: July - September. Flower shape: turban, goblet, tubular, star-shaped. They have a pleasant strong aroma.
Additional groups of hybrids (intersectional) obtained by crossing the above hybrids:
AA-hybrids (AA: Aurelian x Asiatic) - obtained from crossing the Orleans with Asian hybrids. They are frost-resistant, not susceptible to diseases. Flowering time: July, with a strong pleasant aroma.
LA hybrids (LA: Longiflorum x Asiatic) - from crossing Longiflorum and Asiatic. They grow well in sunny areas, are resistant to diseases, require shelter for the winter. Flowering time: late June - early August, flowers are larger than Asian ones, have a pleasant aroma.
LO hybrids (LO: Longiflorum x Oriental) - from the crossing of Longiflorum and Oriental. Flowers are funnel-shaped or short-tubular, white and pink in color, have a pleasant aroma.
LP hybrids (LP: Trumpet x Longiflorum) - from crossing Tubular and Longiflorum. Winter hardy, disease resistance. Tubular flowers (up to 20 per stem) bloom in July.
OA hybrids (OA: Oriental x Asiatic) - from the crossing of Oriental and Asian. A new group of hybrids, quite unpretentious, bloom in July.
OT-hybrids (OT: Oriental х Trumpets) or Orienpets (OR) - from the crossing of Oriental and Tubular. Flowers are funnel-shaped or cup-shaped, diameter 20-25 cm, flowering time: July - August. They have a pleasant aroma.
PHOTO OF LILY
