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CheckoutFrom time immemorial, people have been engaged in agriculture. Every year the demand for vegetables, fruits and industrial crops is increasing.
The fertile land generously endowed our ancestors with crops, but over time the situation has changed, and this is due to the depletion of the soil.
Farmers, observing the growth and development of plants, have developed ways to improve the properties of the soil, the most effective of which is the application of organic fertilizers.
Any organic fertilizer is a substance of natural origin. Organic matter does not harm the soil and the environment as a whole, contains all the necessary substances, contributes to the preservation and formation of a fertile soil layer - humus. The lighter the soil, the less organic matter needs to be applied.
So, for light soils, 3 kg per 1 sq. m, for heavy - up to 8 kg.
Manure is the excrement of animals, especially cows. Experts strongly do not recommend using fresh manure, as it contains weed seeds that germinate very quickly. Fresh it can be applied only in autumn.
During planting and current feeding, it is best to use rotted fertilizer, but too long exposure will lead to a significant loss of nutrients. Also, manure cannot be stored dry, so experienced gardeners try to compact it and ensure sufficient moisture.
A nutritious liquid - mullein - is harvested from manure, diluting fresh excrement with water and standing for 1-2 weeks.
In household plots, you can see a pile of humus, which is also called compost. This valuable fertilizer is nothing more than rotted and compressed plant and animal residues: tops, leaves, weeds, manure, sawdust, bark and organic waste. Inside the compost heap, a reaction occurs with the release of heat. In such conditions, pathogens and pests die.
Compost is ready to use when it looks like a homogeneous crumbly soil. There is another option for processing compost, and it consists in introducing red Californian worms into the overheating mass. The result is a high-quality humus with nutritional value superior to manure and compost.
Siderata are the plants sown before the main crops are planted. Their green mass and roots enrich the soil. To do this, the shoots are mowed, dried a little and buried to a shallow depth of 15 cm.
Winter rye, oats, peas, clover, barley and other plants are used as green manure.
The nutritional value of the droppings of chickens and pigeons is equal to mineral fertilizers. It is used as a liquid feed diluted with water. In its pure form, watering of the soil is allowed during the autumn digging of the site. Rabbit droppings are not as rich in nutrients as bird droppings, but they can replace it.
Peat, depending on the conditions of formation, can be successfully used both as organic matter and for mulching the soil. Also used as a main component in the production of potting soil. Low-lying, well-decomposed material is best suited for agriculture.
The peat of the upper and intermediate layers needs additional aging with the addition of lime.
Modern industry produces a large number of varieties of organic fertilizers based on peat and vermicompost. The material is supplied in liquid, free-flowing and granular form. Such fertilizers are effective for the garden, vegetable garden and indoor plants.